Nigeria etiquette and culture: dos, don'ts and local customs

Greet with a firm handshake, often accompanied by a slight bow; use "Good morning/afternoon/evening" in English or a local language if you can.

Dress conservatively: shoulders and knees covered in markets, religious sites, and rural areas.

Avoid discussing politics, religion, or ethnic tensions unless invited; these topics can be sensitive.

When offered food or drink, accept politely; refusing may be seen as rude. Small gifts (e.g., sweets) are appreciated when visiting homes.

Nigeria is a multi‑ethnic nation; hierarchy is respected. Address elders and officials with titles (e.g., "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Chief").

In business settings, punctuality is valued but meetings may start later; allow a 15‑minute grace period.

Hospitality is central: hosts may offer multiple rounds of food; refusing repeatedly can be impolite. Accept at least one serving.

Tipping is expected for good service (5–10% in restaurants). Small cash tips for drivers, porters, and hotel staff are common.

Check state‑specific advice, as security and cultural norms vary across the north‑south divide.

During festivals (e.g., Calabar Carnival), bright clothing is acceptable, but respect local customs when entering villages.