Health in Vietnam: vaccines, water, medical care and insurance

If you have up‑to‑date routine shots, add hepatitis A and typhoid; get Japanese encephalitis only for long rural trips. Drink only bottled or boiled water and purchase travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage.

Routine immunisations (MMR, DTP, polio, seasonal flu) should be current before travel. Hepatitis A is advised for all visitors because the virus spreads via food and water. Typhoid vaccination, either oral or injectable, reduces risk from contaminated meals, especially in street‑food markets.

Japanese encephalitis risk is low in cities but rises in agricultural areas of the north and central highlands during the rainy season; a single dose is enough for short stays, but a full series is needed for longer exposure.

Rabies prophylaxis is only needed for travellers who will handle animals or work in remote clinics.

Tap water is not reliably treated; avoid drinking it straight. Use sealed bottled water (check label) or boil water for at least one minute before consumption. Ice from tube ice factories is generally safe, but crushed ice from street vendors may be contaminated.

Wash fruits you peel yourself, and prefer cooked meals from busy stalls. Avoid raw salads and herbs in the first few days if you have a sensitive stomach.

Public hospitals provide basic care but English‑speaking staff are limited. Private hospitals in major cities (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City) have higher standards and accept international credit cards.

Travel insurance that covers hospitalisation, medication and emergency evacuation is strongly recommended. Check that the policy includes COVID‑19 coverage and repatriation.

Vaccination needs may change with outbreaks; verify with your national health authority before departure.

Keep a copy of your vaccination record and a list of any chronic medications.