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BelarusБеларусь

No trip line is published for Belarus. Read your own government travel advice first; this desk does not plan around it.

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Key facts

Best months
May–Sep
Currency
Belarusian ruble (BYN)
Language
Belarusian and Russian
Time zone
UTC+3 all year
Month by month
Rules in force · 5Non-EU visitors get 90 days in any rolling 180-day window…Reach this subregion only from the EU side — Romania for …
  • Europe ↗Non-EU visitors get 90 days in any rolling 180-day window, counted across all 29 Schengen states together — not per country; the Entry/Exit System now logs each crossing, so an overstay is detected automatically.
  • Europe ↗On the first Schengen entry since EES began, non-EU travellers give four fingerprints and a face photo at the border instead of a passport stamp; there is nothing to apply for or pay in advance.
  • Eastern Europe ↗Reach this subregion only from the EU side — Romania for Moldova — through crossings run by recognised authorities; no route through Ukraine, Belarus or Russia is planned here.
  • Eastern Europe ↗Re-read your government's advice for Moldova (it covers Transnistria) in the week you travel; the situation next door changes fast.
  • Eastern Europe ↗Carry euros in cash for Transnistria and village Moldova; cards stop working at the Dniester.

Entry rules depend on your passport. Full visa guide

Checking your follows…

The US, UK, Canada and Australia all advise against all travel to Belarus. Visa-free entry is on offer to EU and UK citizens until the end of 2026, but the named risks are arbitrary detention, phone and social-media checks at the border, the country's role in Russia's war, and land borders with Poland, Lithuania and Latvia that close at short notice. Consular help is limited. Voykit does not publish a trip line, itineraries or door-to-door timings here. This page states what is known, what to check and what would reopen it.

About Belarus

A flat, forested country between Poland, the Baltic states, Russia and Ukraine. The lands of today's Belarus were part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, then the Russian Empire, and suffered some of the heaviest losses of the Second World War. Independent since 1991, Belarus has been ruled by Alexander Lukashenko since 1994. Mass protests after the disputed 2020 election were crushed; thousands were jailed and hundreds of thousands left. Belarus allowed Russian forces to attack Ukraine from its territory in 2022 and is under wide Western sanctions.

Official advice

No trip line is published

No trip line

The US, UK, Canada and Australia advise against all travel to Belarus; consular help is limited and detention of foreigners has been reported.

Arbitrary detention and exit bans, border checks of phones and social media for 'extremist' content, the Belarusian role in Russia's war on Ukraine, military exercises near EU borders, sudden border closures, and limited consular support are the risks in advice.

GovernmentLevelWhat it saysSource
United States (State Department)Level 4 — Do not travelArbitrary enforcement of laws, risk of detention, and Belarus's support for Russia's war; the US Embassy in Minsk suspended operations in 2022 (check).Open ↗
United Kingdom (FCDO)Against all travelRisk of detention and limited consular help; borders can close without notice.Open ↗
CanadaAvoid all travelArbitrary enforcement of local laws and the regional security situation.Open ↗
Australia (Smartraveller)Do not travelHighest level; security situation and detention risk.Open ↗

Levels as stated on each government's page in 2026 — open the page itself before deciding; wording and level change without notice (check).

Check first

  • Your own government's official travel advice for your passport, before booking anything.
  • The entry and visa authority of the country, and your airline's rules for the route.
  • Travel insurance terms: many policies exclude destinations under an advisory against travel.
  • Which border crossings are open on the day, from the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian border guard sites.

Voykit reopens this page only when official advisories ease and entry is open to independent travellers, and then only with verified data.

Entry situation

No flights from the EU, UK or North America; land crossings from Poland, Lithuania and Latvia are limited and close at short notice. No independent tourist route is documented here.

  • Visa-free for citizens of 38 European countries (EU states, UK, Norway, Switzerland and others) up to 30 days per entry and 90 days per calendar year, extended to 31 December 2026 — check whether it continues in 2027.
  • US and many other passports need an e-visa (introduced 2025) or a regular visa; a 30-day visa-free scheme via Minsk airport has covered some nationalities — check.
  • Visa-free entry does not cover travel to or from Russia: there is no passport control between the two, so arriving from or continuing to Russia needs a proper visa for both.
  • Poland reopened Kuźnica (cars) and Bobrowniki in November 2025; Terespol–Brest is the main car crossing. Lithuania's Medininkai and Šalčininkai reopened on 20 November 2025 after a month's closure. Latvia's only crossing, Pāternieki, has been suspended since 31 July 2026. All can change within hours — check.
  • Medical insurance valid in Belarus is required at entry; bring proof.
  • Border guards may inspect phones and laptops; subscriptions to or content from media labelled 'extremist' has led to fines and detention.

If you are already there

Protocol, in order
  1. 1Read your government's current advice today; if it says leave, use a working land crossing while it is open.
  2. 2Register with your embassy's notification service (or the embassy covering Belarus) and share your itinerary.
  3. 3Stays of more than 10 days need registration: hotels do it for you; private stays must register — check.
  4. 4Carry your passport and insurance at all times.
  5. 5Do not photograph military sites, police, border posts or government buildings; avoid any gathering.
  6. 6Remove or avoid carrying content from independent Belarusian media and opposition symbols (white-red-white flag): both are treated as extremist.
  7. 7If detained, ask for your consulate, do not sign what you cannot read, and expect delays in consular access.

Insurance & payments

  • Currency is the Belarusian ruble (BYN). Some foreign Visa and Mastercard cards work, others are blocked by sanctions or bank rules — do not rely on them; bring euros or dollars in cash.
  • Russian Mir cards work; that does not help most visitors.
  • Travel insurance: most standard policies exclude countries under 'do not travel' advice; Belarus also requires medical insurance at entry — buy a policy that meets that rule.

Consular access

  • Several Western embassies in Minsk run on reduced staff or are suspended (the US embassy since 2022 — check); routine services may be unavailable.
  • Consular access to detained foreigners can be delayed or refused, especially for dual Belarusian nationals.
  • Your government may not be able to help you leave; do not rely on an evacuation.

Decide the trip

What the country is like, who it suits and how long to give it

Open Decide the tripClose Decide the trip2 partsUnderstand in one strip · Understand
Understand in one stripCapital · Population · Language · Currency · Government · Time zone · Alliances · Emergency
Capital
Minsk
Population
About 9.1 million
Language
Belarusian and Russian (official); Russian dominates daily life
Currency
Belarusian ruble (BYN)
Government
Presidential rule under Alexander Lukashenko since 1994; re-elected in January 2025 in a vote Western governments rejected
Time zone
UTC+3 all year
Alliances
Union State with Russia; Russian troops and tactical nuclear weapons stationed (announced 2023)
Emergency
101 fire, 102 police, 103 ambulance; follow your government's advice page

Understand

People, belief, history that matters on the ground

A flat, forested country between Poland, the Baltic states, Russia and Ukraine. The lands of today's Belarus were part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, then the Russian Empire, and suffered some of the heaviest losses of the Second World War. Independent since 1991, Belarus has been ruled by Alexander Lukashenko since 1994. Mass protests after the disputed 2020 election were crushed; thousands were jailed and hundreds of thousands left. Belarus allowed Russian forces to attack Ukraine from its territory in 2022 and is under wide Western sanctions.

People
About 85% Belarusian, 7% Russian, with Polish and Ukrainian minorities.
Belief
Orthodox majority; Catholic minority in the west (Hrodna).
Political prisoners
Over 1,000 by human-rights group counts; some released in 2024–25 deals (check).
Economy
State-dominated industry (potash, tractors, refining), heavily dependent on Russia.
Nature
Białowieża Forest (UNESCO, shared with Poland) and the Pripyat marshes.
History that still shows on the ground · 7 dates
WhenWhat happenedWhere you meet it today
13th–16th c.Grand Duchy of LithuaniaOld Belarusian was a chancery language; Mir and Nesvizh castles (UNESCO).
1795–1917Russian EmpirePale of Settlement: large Jewish communities in Minsk, Vitebsk, Brest.
1941–1944Nazi occupationAbout a quarter of the population killed; Khatyn memorial; Brest Fortress.
1986Chernobyl disasterMuch of the fallout landed in southern Belarus.
1991IndependenceBelavezha Accords signed in Belarus dissolve the USSR.
2020Disputed election and protestsCrackdown, exile of opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya.
2021–2025Migrant crisis on the EU border; Ryanair diversion; support for Russia's warFlight bans, sanctions and border closures.

Read or watch before you go

  • Svetlana Alexievich — Secondhand Time and The Unwomanly Face of War.
  • Andrew Wilson — Belarus: The Last European Dictatorship.
  • Sasha Filipenko — Red Crosses (novel).

Cities

Regions, cities and the places between them

Open CitiesClose Cities1 partCapital and major cities

Capital and major cities

Basic guides
Minskcapital

Spend 2 days in Minsk to see the main sights; one night is enough if you’re on a quick transit route.

Ashmyanymajor city

Spend a half‑day in Ashmyany to see its churches and museum; add a night if you want a relaxed stay.

Astravyetsmajor city

Spend 2–3 h in Astravyets to see the Saints Cosmas and Damian Church, then use it as a rail base for nearby village attractions.

Barysaŭmajor city

Spend a half‑day for football or museum, up to one full day if you want both; no need to stay overnight.

Bobruiskmajor city

Half a day is enough to see the fortress and the centre. Use it as a stop between Minsk and Gomel, not a base.

Braslaǔmajor city

One full day for the lakes and town; skip if you have less than 6 hours — the national park needs daylight.

Brestmajor city

Spend 1–2 days: see Brest Fortress, walk the riverfront and main streets, then catch a bus to nearby Pinsk if you have extra time.

Budslaŭmajor city

Go for the Baroque basilica and the yearly pilgrimage; half a day is enough. Combine with Molodechno or Myadzyel for a full day.

Byerazinomajor city

Half a day is enough: see the Museum of Wooden Spoons and the Church of Nicholas the Wonderworker, then move on to Minsk or Barysaŭ.

Bykhawmajor city

Half a day is enough: see the castle ruins, the old synagogue and the wooden church, then move on to Mogilev or Bobruisk.

Čačerskmajor city

Skip Čačersk unless you have spare time; a quick walk covers the sights.

Gomelmajor city

Spend 1–2 days in Gomel: see the palace park, train station and Bauman Bridge; skip if you have only a single day in Belarus.

Grodnomajor city

Spend 1–2 days in Grodno: see the historic centre, a few churches and the castle, then head to nearby Belarus‑Poland border sights.

Haĺšanymajor city

Half a day is enough: see the ruined Sapieha castle and the Baroque church, then move on to Ashmyany or Slonim.

Iwyemajor city

Half a day is enough: see the Gothic church and Tatar mosque, then move on. Not a base.

Kosavamajor city

Half a day is enough: see the Puslowski Palace and the Kosciuszko Museum, then move on to Brest or Pinsk.

Lidamajor city

Half a day is enough: see Lida Castle, the brewery museum and the baroque church, then move on. One night if you want a relaxed dinner and a morning walk.

Mazyrmajor city

Visit Mazyr for a half‑day stop to see its Baroque churches; one day is enough unless you combine with other Gomel Oblast towns.

Mirmajor city

Visit Mir for a half‑day to see the UNESCO castle; stay overnight only if you want a relaxed pace or need a base for Nesvizh.

Mogilevmajor city

Spend 1–2 days in Mogilev to see the main sights; longer only if you want a relaxed pace.

Molodechnomajor city

Spend a half‑day in Molodechno: arrive by train from Minsk (≈1 h), walk the Broadway and park, then catch a train back.

Motalmajor city

Skip unless you are a Chaim Weizmann enthusiast or tracing Jewish heritage in Belarus. A half-day stop from Pinsk or Ivanovo is enough.

Mstsislawmajor city

Half a day is enough: see Castle Hill, the Carmelite and Jesuit churches, then move on. Use it as a stop between Mogilev and the Russian border, not a base.

Myadzyelmajor city

Myadzyel is a half-day stop on the way to Narachansky National Park: see the baroque church and castle ruins, then move on. One night only if you plan to hike the lakes.

Navahrudakmajor city

Half a day is enough to see the castle ruins and churches; make it a stop between Grodno and Minsk or a day trip from Grodno (2 h each way).

Nesvizhmajor city

Spend a half‑day in Nesvizh to see the UNESCO castle and walk the park; add a night only if you want a relaxed pace.

Orshamajor city

Orsha is a half-day stop for railway history and a restored 17th-century church, not a base. One night if you break a train journey; otherwise a few hours between connections.

Pastavymajor city

Pastavy is a half-day stop for the Gothic Revival church and palace park on the way to or from the Braslaǔ Lakes. Not a base.

Pinskmajor city

Pinsk is a half-day stop for its Baroque architecture and river setting, not a base: go if you have a spare afternoon between Brest and Minsk, otherwise skip.

Polotskmajor city

Spend one day in Polotsk to see the St Sophia Cathedral, printing museum and historic centre; skip overnight unless you prefer a relaxed pace.

Rahačoŭmajor city

Half a day is enough: walk the riverbank, see the two cemeteries, eat at a local canteen. Not a base.

Šarkaŭščynamajor city

Half a day is enough: see the wooden church and Jewish cemetery, then move on to Braslaŭ or Polotsk. Not a base.

Slonimmajor city

Spend a half‑day in Slonim to see its baroque churches and historic centre; add a night if you want a relaxed pace.

Slutskmajor city

Slutsk is a half-day stop for the Slutsk Sashes Museum and a walk past the Soviet-era centre; not worth a dedicated trip unless you are already passing through Minsk Region.

Smarhonmajor city

Spend a half‑day in Smarhon to see St Michael’s Church and the train‑station area; no overnight stay needed.

Smilavičymajor city

Skip Smilavičy unless you are a dedicated fan of painter Chaïm Soutine or Tatar heritage; a half-day stop from Minsk is enough.

Turaŭmajor city

Half a day is enough: see the medieval church ruins and the Cyril monument, then move on to Pinsk or Gomel.

Valozhynmajor city

Half a day is enough: see the classicist church, the old yeshiva and the palace ruins, then move on to Minsk or Molodechno.

Vaǔkavyskmajor city

Skip unless you are tracing Belarusian history or visiting family: the town's main draw is a grassy hill where the medieval settlement stood, and you can see it in 1–2 hours.

Vileykamajor city

Half a day covers Vileyka: two historic churches, both within a 10-minute walk of the centre. Sleep in Minsk or Molodechno, not here.

Vitebskmajor city

Spend 1–2 days in Vitebsk to see the main museums and historic centre; add a half‑day if you want the International Festival in November.

Zaslaŭjemajor city

Half a day from Minsk: see the Renaissance church and three small museums, then return. Not a base.

Žodzinamajor city

Do a half‑day BelAZ factory tour; no need to stay overnight.

Cost

What a day costs, and how to pay

Open CostClose Cost2 partsMoney at a glance · Money & passes

Money at a glance

Cash or card, ATMs, a day's spend, tipping

Currency and cash

Belarusian ruble (BYN)

Cash-heavy: cards in hotels and malls

Cash or card

Foreign cards may or may not work: see Insurance & payments above.

Also

Bring enough cash in euros or US dollars to leave by land if the border you planned closes.

Money & passesCard, cash or ATM: the cheapest way to payTipping calculator

Money & passes

Cash necessity: 4/5 (5 means cash for most things)

  • Foreign cards may or may not work: see Insurance & payments above.
  • Bring enough cash in euros or US dollars to leave by land if the border you planned closes.

Before you fly: eSIM before you fly · Visas and entry

Practical

Money rules, safety, holidays, health, phones and phrases

Open PracticalClose Practical3 partsSafety & health · Safety · Safety by region

Safety and health at a glance

Advice, risky areas, water, shots, numbers, scams

Government travel advice

  • United States (State Department): Level 4 — Do not travelOpen ↗
  • United Kingdom (FCDO): Against all travelOpen ↗
  • Canada: Avoid all travelOpen ↗
  • Australia (Smartraveller): Do not travelOpen ↗

Levels as stated on each government's page in 2026 — open the page itself before deciding; wording and level change without notice (check).

Where to take care

  • high Minsk · Detention risk, surveillance, protest bans, phone checks.
  • high Borders with Poland, Lithuania and Latvia · Crossings closed or restricted at short notice; migrant-pressure incidents; long queues.
  • high South (Homiel, Brest regions near Ukraine) · Military activity, closed border with Ukraine, Chernobyl exclusion zone.
  • high East (border with Russia) · No passport control with Russia; visa-free visitors must not cross.

SafetyStay healthyEmergency cardScam spotterHealth check

Safety

  • Risk: Arbitrary detention, phone and social-media checks, the Belarusian role in Russia's war, sudden border closures and limited consular support are the risks in advice.
  • Register with your own government's travel notification service where one exists.
  • Emergency numbers (101, 102, 103) exist, but may not bring the help you expect; your government's advice page lists how to reach consular help.

Not published. See the Eastern Europe page for Moldova, the published trip line in this subregion.

What four governments say

Comparison not available yet for this country

Read each government's own advice: US State Dept, UK FCDO, Australia Smartraveller, Canada Travel Advice.

Strikes and disruptions

Official notices for the next 90 days. Open the full calendar.

No official-source strike or disruption notices for the next 90 days

That is not a promise that nothing is planned. This calendar lists only what a government or a public authority has published. Check US State Dept, UK FCDO, Australia Smartraveller, Canada Travel Advice and the transport operator for your dates.

Safety by region

Risk to a careful visitor, not a crime index

All four governments checked advise against all travel to every part of Belarus. The notes show where named risks concentrate.

RegionRiskWhat to watch
MinskhighDetention risk, surveillance, protest bans, phone checks.
Borders with Poland, Lithuania and LatviahighCrossings closed or restricted at short notice; migrant-pressure incidents; long queues.
South (Homiel, Brest regions near Ukraine)highMilitary activity, closed border with Ukraine, Chernobyl exclusion zone.
East (border with Russia)highNo passport control with Russia; visa-free visitors must not cross.

Culture and food

Rules, manners, what to eat, where to sleep and what to buy

Open Culture and foodClose Culture and food1 partRules

Country rules

Inherited by every page below
  • Check your own government travel advice for Belarus before any booking; advice depends on your passport and changes without notice.
  • Land crossings from Poland, Lithuania and Latvia open and close on short notice; confirm the crossing on the day with that country's border guard.
  • Confirm that your travel insurance and medical evacuation cover apply to Belarus before you rely on it.
Why no trip line is published
Western governments advise against all travel; consular help is limited.
What to check
Your own government's travel advice, the crossing on the day, and your insurer.
What would reopen it
Advisories easing, entry open to independent travellers, and verified data.

Deep dive

Questions, where next, photos, reading and every source

Open Deep diveClose Deep dive2 partsDeep dive · Sources

Deep dive

4 min read · 4 chapters

This deep dive is background reading, not a travel plan: Voykit publishes no trip line for Belarus. It explains how the country's lands passed from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, why the Second World War and Chernobyl weigh so heavily, how one man has ruled since 1994, and what changed after the protests of 2020 and the war next door.

1History: between Lithuania, Poland and Russia1 min

The principality of Polotsk, one of the early Rus' states, flourished in the 10th–12th centuries; its St Sophia Cathedral is among the oldest churches in the region. From the 13th century the lands of today's Belarus were absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, where a form of Old Belarusian (Ruthenian) served as the language of law and government, and later became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The partitions of Poland (1772–95) brought the region into the Russian Empire. Much of it lay in the Pale of Settlement, where Jews were allowed to live, and towns such as Minsk, Vitebsk, Pinsk and Brest were largely Jewish. A Belarusian national movement grew in the late 19th century; a Belarusian People's Republic was declared in March 1918 but never controlled its territory.

After the Polish–Soviet war, the west went to Poland and the east became the Byelorussian SSR, united in 1939 after the Soviet invasion of Poland. The Nazi occupation of 1941–44 was among the most brutal anywhere: hundreds of villages were burned with their inhabitants, the Jewish population was almost entirely murdered, and roughly a quarter of the population died.

Polotsk first mentioned
862
Belarusian People's Republic
Declared 25 March 1918
War losses
About one in four residents killed, 1941–44
Villages burned
Over 600 destroyed with their inhabitants (Khatyn is the best known)
See itMir Castle Complex (UNESCO)Nesvizh Palace (UNESCO)Khatyn memorialBrest Fortress
2Soviet republic, Chernobyl and independence1 min

Post-war Minsk was rebuilt as a model Soviet city, with broad avenues and Stalinist classical architecture along what is now Independence Avenue. Belarus became an industrial assembly shop of the USSR, making tractors, trucks, fridges and electronics, and many Belarusians identified strongly with the Soviet victory in the war.

The Chernobyl disaster in April 1986, just over the border in Ukraine, spread much of its fallout over southern Belarus. About a fifth of the country was contaminated, villages were evacuated, and the Polesie State Radioecological Reserve still covers a large exclusion zone.

In December 1991 the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus met at Belavezha in the Białowieża Forest and signed the accords that dissolved the Soviet Union. The independent republic briefly adopted the white-red-white flag and the Pahonia coat of arms, both later replaced.

Chernobyl contamination
About 23% of Belarusian territory
Belavezha Accords
8 December 1991
See itIndependence Avenue, Minsk (Stalinist ensemble)Białowieża Forest (UNESCO), also visitable from Poland
3The Lukashenko state1 min

Alexander Lukashenko won the country's first presidential election in 1994 on an anti-corruption platform and has ruled ever since. A 1995 referendum restored Soviet-style symbols and made Russian an official language; later referendums removed term limits and strengthened presidential power. Most of the economy stayed state-owned, supported by cheap Russian energy.

Belarus and Russia signed a Union State treaty in 1999, with joint institutions that were largely symbolic until recent years. Elections were repeatedly judged not free or fair by observers, and the security service still carries the name KGB.

The August 2020 election, which officials said Lukashenko won with 80%, triggered the largest protests in the country's history, with women in white and the white-red-white flag at their centre. The authorities responded with mass arrests, torture reports and forced exile; opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya left for Lithuania. In 2021 a Ryanair plane was forced to land in Minsk to arrest a dissident journalist, leading to EU flight bans.

In power since
July 1994
Union State treaty
December 1999
2020 protests
Hundreds of thousands in Minsk; over 35,000 detained
Ryanair diversion
23 May 2021
See itViasna Human Rights Centre reports (online)
4Since 2022: war, sanctions and borders1 min

In February 2022 Russian forces used Belarusian territory to attack Kyiv. Belarus has not sent its own army into Ukraine, but it hosts Russian troops, joint exercises such as Zapad 2025, and, by the two governments' account, Russian tactical nuclear weapons. The EU, UK and US have imposed wide sanctions.

The borders with Poland, Lithuania and Latvia have become a flashpoint: from 2021 migrants were channelled towards the EU frontier, fences went up, and crossings have been closed and reopened repeatedly — most recently after smuggling balloons in 2025 and the suspension of Latvia's Pāternieki post in 2026. At the same time Belarus has offered visa-free entry to Europeans, which Western governments caution against using.

Prisoner releases, some tied to deals with the US in 2024–25, have freed a number of political prisoners, while new arrests continue. Belarusian language and culture are sidelined at home but flourish in exile communities in Vilnius, Warsaw and beyond.

Political prisoners
Over 1,000 by Viasna's count in 2025 (check)
Visa-free for 38 European states
Extended to 31 December 2026
Read, watch, wordsReading · Watching · Glossary · Sources

Reading

  • Secondhand Time — Svetlana AlexievichOral history of the post-Soviet collapse by Belarus's Nobel laureate.
  • The Unwomanly Face of War — Svetlana AlexievichSoviet women's memories of the Second World War.
  • Belarus: The Last European Dictatorship — Andrew WilsonPolitical history to the 2020s.
  • Red Crosses — Sasha FilipenkoNovel linking Stalin-era crimes and modern Minsk.

Watching

  • Come and See — Elem Klimov, 1985The occupation of Belarus in 1943; one of the most harrowing war films.
  • Courage — Aliaksei Paluyan, 2021Documentary on theatre-makers during the 2020 protests.

Glossary

TermLocalMeaning
PahoniaПагоняHistoric mounted-knight coat of arms.
BChBБЧБWhite-red-white flag, now an opposition symbol.
PolesieПалессеMarshy southern region.
DranikiдранікіPotato pancakes, the national dish.

Sources

Ask about Belarus

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